External factors
| External factors: |
Betaine |
| Category: |
Chemical compounds |
| Description: |
The result of the MTT assay showed that betaine had an ability to inhibit cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.Total RS and ONOO-generation in old rats fed betaine was lower than that of the old rats not fed betaine. |
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Regulatory relationship
| R-EF-Target gene:
|
Downregulation |
| Target gene experiment: |
Western blot |
| Target gene description: |
T-BHP-induced COX-2 was suppressed by betaine and kinase inhibitors, which means that betaine possibly modulates COX-2 through these kinases. |
| Regulatory pathway:
|
NF-κB//NIK-IKK//MAPKs |
| R-EF-Pathway:
|
Downregulation//--//-- |
| Official symbol(s): |
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NFKB1//NIK-IKK//MAPK1
|
| Pathway experiment: |
Western blot//Luciferase reporter assay |
| Pathway description: |
Data clearly reveal that nuclear translocation of NF-kB significantly increased in aged rat, whereas old, betaine-fed rats showed lower levels of NF-kB in a dose-dependent manner compared to their old, nonbetaine-fed counterparts.The binding activity of NF-kB was upregulated during aging and that betaine suppressed up-regulation of NF-kB. NF-kB luciferase activity increased by twofold compared to transfected cell exposure of 0.25 lM t-BHP for 6 hours, and betaine showed a dose-dependent ability to decrease NF-kB luciferase activity. We tested the effects of betaine on IKKa/b, ERK1/2, p38,and JNK expression. Results showed that the addition of betaine significantly inhibited phosphorylation of IKKα/β, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK. Moreover, results showed that the addition of betaine significantly inhibited phosphorylation of NIK, MKK1/2, and MKK3/6. Finally, our data suggested that betaine prevents NF-kB nuclear translocation via NIK/IKK and MAPKs . |
Aging network
Annotation:
The green line represents Upregulation.
The purple line represents Downregulation.
The orange line represents Activation.
The yellow line represents Inhibition.
The gray line represents Unclear.